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   Magnesium alloy is an alloy composed of magnesium as the basis and other elements added. The main alloying elements include aluminum, zinc, manganese, cerium, thorium, and a small amount of zirconium or cadmium. Magnesium alloy is a lighter metal in metal structural materials and is known as the green engineering structural material of the 21st century. It has excellent application performance, with high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good shock absorption, strong impact load capacity, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, no biological toxicity, good resistance to organic and alkali corrosion, and abundant resources. It has been applied in automotive components.

1、 Overview of the application of magnesium alloys in automobiles

    Magnesium alloys used in automobiles have good weight reduction effects, and selecting lighter materials as much as possible while ensuring the strength and stiffness requirements of automotive components is one of the important ways to lighten automobiles. Magnesium alloy is currently the lighter material among commonly used metal structural materials and has abundant reserves, making it a preferred material for reducing weight in automobiles to improve their fuel economy and maneuverability.

    Magnesium alloys used in automobiles have good weight reduction effects, and selecting lighter materials as much as possible while ensuring the strength and stiffness requirements of automotive components is one of the important ways to lighten automobiles. Magnesium alloy is currently the lighter material among commonly used metal structural materials and has abundant reserves, making it a preferred material for reducing weight in automobiles to improve their fuel economy and maneuverability. The advantages of using magnesium alloy in the automotive industry are: lightweight, with a density only 2/3 of aluminum alloy; In terms of stiffness, it can replace aluminum alloys and steel components; Has good casting performance and dimensional stability, easy to process with low scrap rate; It has a good damping coefficient and a greater vibration reduction than aluminum alloy and cast iron. It can reduce noise when used to manufacture shells, and reduce vibration when used to manufacture seats and wheels, thereby improving the safety and comfort of automobiles; Good resistance to electromagnetic interference and shielding, reducing noise, minimal environmental pollution, and reusable.

2、 Typical components of magnesium alloys

    With the deepening implementation of the "Magnesium Alloy Application Development and Industrialization" project, the Chinese automotive industry has benefited greatly from this project, and the results are obvious. Many enterprises have made considerable progress. Currently, the magnesium alloy material automotive parts that have been developed and applied can be roughly divided into two categories:

(1). Shell type: such as clutch housing, valve cover, valve plate, transmission housing, instrument panel, crankcase, engine front cover, cylinder box, instrument panel, filter housing, etc;

(2). Support bracket category: such as steering bracket, steering wheel, light bracket, brake, clutch pedal bracket, brake bracket, seat frame, mirror bracket, distribution bracket, and wheel hub.

   With the development of magnesium alloy automotive components, the application of magnesium alloy in automobiles has the following characteristics: transitioning from small volume parts to large volume parts, transitioning from simple structural parts to complex parts, transitioning from simple load-bearing parts to parts that meet special performance requirements, and transitioning from component combination to integrated design. According to research, about 75% of fuel consumption is related to the overall weight of the vehicle, and reducing the overall weight of the vehicle can effectively reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Reducing the overall weight of the vehicle can significantly reduce the power transmission load and achieve better handling performance under lower traction loads.